Tyndall Effect Definition and Examples

The Tyndall effect is the scattering of light as a light beam passes through a colloid. The individual suspension particles scatter and reflect light, making the beam visible. The amount of scattering depends on the frequency of the light and density of the particles. As with Rayleigh scattering, blue light is scattered more strongly than red light by the Tyndall effect. Another way to look at it is that longer wavelength light is transmitted, while shorter wavelength light is reflected by scattering. The size of the particles is what distinguishes a colloid from a true solution. For a mixture to be a colloid, the particles must be in the range of 1-1000 nanometers in diameter. The Tyndall effect was first described by 19th-century physicist John Tyndall. Tyndall Effect Examples Shining a flashlight beam into a glass of milk is an excellent demonstration of the Tyndall effect. You might want to use skim milk or else dilute the milk with a bit of water so you can see the effect of the colloid particles on the light beam.An example of how the Tyndall effect scatters blue light may be seen in the blue color of smoke from motorcycles or two-stroke engines.The visible beam of headlights in fog is caused by the Tyndall effect. The water droplets scatter the light, making the headlight beams visible.The Tyndall effect is used in commercial and lab settings to determine the particle size of aerosols.Opalescent glass displays the Tyndall effect. The glass appears blue, yet the light that shines through it appears orange.Blue eye color is from Tyndall scattering through the translucent layer over the eyes iris. The blue color of the sky results from light scattering, but this is called Rayleigh scattering and not the Tyndall effect because the particles involved are molecules in the air. They are smaller than particles in a colloid. Similarly, light scattering from dust particles is not due to the Tyndall effect because the particle sizes are too large. Try It Yourself Suspending flour or corn starch in water is an easy demonstration of the Tyndall effect. Normally, flour is off-white (slightly yellow). The liquid appears slightly blue because the particles scatter blue light more than red. References Human color vision and the unsaturated blue color of the daytime sky, Glenn S. Smith, American Journal of Physics, Volume 73, Issue 7, pp. 590-597 (2005).Sturm R.A. Larsson M., Genetics of human iris colour and patterns, Pigment Cell Melanoma Res, 22:544-562, 2009.

Thomas Hobbes And John Locke - 1676 Words

Thomas Hobbes and John Locke are social theorists who are both educated in Oxford University. However, they hold distinctive views on human nature, laws, societies, and government. Locke believes in democracy, which the power and the government are in the hands of people, but Hobbes believes in absolute monarchy, where the power and government are belong to the monarch. In this essay, I will mainly use comparison and contrast, first discuss their different opinions about human nature and laws because they are the building blocks to form the government, and then present their views on the formation and purposes of the government. Moreover, I will explain why Locke’s belief, I think, can form a better and more practical government than†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The state of Nature has a law of Nature to govern it.† (Locke 638) In other words, human beings must accept a constrained freedom in order to survive. For example, any person who tends to communicate with the others must obey the rules of speaking that language. Otherwise, he is creating a random sound, and no one will know what he is saying. Contrary to Hobbes’s view, Locke implies that men are born in a family, which is a small society of people who are bonded together. The family establishes rules, and teaches skills to its decedents. One of the abilities that the family teaches is sharing, which is crucial to make the family survive. For example, sharing occurs when a family distributes food, which was originally owned by a few people in the family, to all the family members. Human nature is the fundamental element of building a government. At this point I think Locke’s view, that men are born and raised in a family, is more reasonable than Hobbes’s view, that men live in a solitary life in the beginning. Both Hobbes and Locke hold different belief of the law of nature. Whereas Locke believes that family establishes laws and orders to its people, Hobbes prop oses that there exist no law and justice with the absence of an absolute power; all men are free to do anything they want. Consequently, human beings will live in a world that is full of violence. â€Å"For where no covenant hathShow MoreRelatedJohn Locke And Thomas Hobbes886 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscuss the differences in political theories expressed by both John Locke and Thomas Hobbes. In, Leviathan, by Thomas Hobbes, and in, The Second Treatise of Government, by John Locke different theories of political legitimacy and definitions of the state of nature are described. The following paragraphs analyze multiple different points that are imperative to understanding these political theories. In the reading, Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes discusses what human existence is in the state of nature andRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke911 Words   |  4 Pagessocial contract theory, Thomas Hobbes and John Locke established many of the founding ideals that contemporary Liberalism is based on. While the shared many similar positions, there are some key distinctions to be made between the arguments Hobbes and Locke make in Leviathan and Second Treatise of Civil Government, respectively. In this paper I will argue the differences between how each of them viewed the right of the subjects to revolt from the sovereign. Thomas Hobbes published his most famousRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke Essay1441 Words   |  6 PagesEifling-Question 4 Hobbes and Locke During and after the English Revolution, a few philosophers expressed different views on their philosophical outlook and life experiences. Some of the most outstanding thinkers include Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. 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They both developedRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1346 Words   |  6 PagesContracts Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were two English political philosophers, who have had a lasting impact on modern political science. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke both spent much of their lives attempting to identify the best form of government. Locke and Hobbes were among the most prominent of theorists when it came to social contract and human rights. A Social Contract is an agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, are the twoRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke928 Words   |  4 Pagesthere is no formed society, government, laws, safety, etc. both Thomas Hobbes and John Locke take this into perspective while introducing a political view. As illustrated by Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Karl Marx, and Friedrich Engels, they proposed political views on how human nature can prosper. Initially, Thomas Hobbes introduces a concept on the state of nature and its effects as well as how peace can be achieved. In Leviathan, Hobbes defines what living in a state of nature would be like and theRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke888 Words   |  4 Pagesare very similar but diverge in the moments that solidify their stance on their opinion. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke is both political scientist who have made strides in the area of social contracts and share being natural law theorist also. Locke and all other natural law theorists assumed that man was by nature a social animal and there fore struck contracts with each other to secure safety among them. Hobbes assumed differently, thus his verdicts are very different from other natural law theoristsRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1494 Words   |  6 Pages1) Thomas Hobbes and John Locke share the basic assumption that a theory based off of abstract individualism, consent, sovereignty and reason will produce a peaceful and productive society. This theory is the liberal political theory, which is the philosophy of individual rights and a limited government. Both Hobbes and Locke both center the majority of their ideas off of how people’s lives should be based off of nature rights instead of natural law. This being said, people are also subject to theRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1426 Words   |  6 PagesBy the second half of the 17th Century, England would experience one of the bloodiest conflicts in its history, ultimately serving to influence some of the most phenomenal political philosophers in Europe --Thomas Hobbes, and John Locke. England was in constant unrest, choosing new forms of government almost on a whim in desperate attempts to restore order in the Country. The English Civil War in 1642 etched a legacy of drea d in the people of England, and the war only appeared more disastrous andRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1659 Words   |  7 Pagesmajority. The following pages show how modern social contract theory especially that of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, grew into the divisive issue it is in contemporary political philosophy. Modern social contract theory can trace its roots to prominent thinkers Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. It is their thoughts on social contracts that lie at the center of the many spheres we are a part of. For Hobbes and Locke, social contract theory sought to analyze the relationship between rulers and the ruled

Ethical Analysis on National DNA Profiling

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Analysis on National DNA Profiling. Answer: Introduction: The DNA profiling is the forensic method to get hold of individuals by their DNA characteristics. Here a string of DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid has been extracted from the cell in the body. It is them mixed with any restricted enzyme. This when processed has been revealing individuals blueprint (Maguire et al., 2014). The national DNA database is an important tool to fight against the crimes. The ethical dilemma regarding this is chosen here. Along with this, its benefits have been identified. The issues have been associated with possessing the National DNA Profiling (Wigan Clarke, 2013). The ACS or Australian Computer Society is the association for the professionals of Information and Communications technology. Its constitutions claim that its objectives have been to develop professional excellence in the field on IT or Information Technology. This further promotes the evolution of the technological resources of Information and Communication in Australia (Ryan, 2015). The report has been prepared analyzing the nationwide profiling from the perspective of ethical philosophies and the ACS code of ethics. Ethical dilemma: The ethical dilemma refers the complicated situation involving in apparent psychological conflicts. This occurs among the moral imperatives. Here, obeying one result in the transgressing of another. The factors that cause such problems in the organization are the deficiency of integrity. Here the staffs never embrace the honesty and fairness in their workplace. The conflicts of interests take place as an employee acquires benefits of any business situation. This is done for personal profit rather than his organizations interests. The employees are ought to deal with the pressures to continue his activities. He should help the organization to move towards success (Slade Prinsloo, 2013). The personal temptations are also considered to make the easiest way out. At the end of the day, the employees are bound to face various dilemmas through their careers. The organizations might deliver proper information and training to them in assisting them to go for proper decisions. Pressure from the management comes as the culture of various companies is different. Some of the organizations stress profits and outcomes above everything. In such scenario, the management goes blind eyed towards the ethical breaches. The mentality of such companies is like the endings justify all the means. The employees might get the hunger for attention. They might also be under financial pressure. They do not receive proper recognitions, at many times. The companies on the other hand might be reluctant in treating them. Here dilemmas occur which has been not only un-ethical but also illegal. Performing businesses with other organizations also produce scopes for breaches (Chabon et al., 2016). The pressure to retrieve the best deals or expenses from other businesses results in negotiating in poor faith to receive concession. This put the negotiators in difficult s ituations. These situations have been hard for the employees to struggle with especially in those cases where they have been unaware of the official guidelines of the company. Ethical analysis on having the National DNA Profiling: The ethical dilemma identified for the current study has been around the DNS databases. They have been limited through their connections with criminology. It has been depending upon the specific crimes under the investigations. The ethical problems have been required to be taken into consideration if its profits are to be maximized with minimizing the loss. One of the real-life cases where DNA profiling changed many things is described below: Discovering innocence on Death Row: George Ryan the governor of Illinois applied for DNA tests for the series of deaths during 1998. It was found that thirteen out of twenty-five could have been exonerated by the outcomes. He put moratorium in the executions. The study recommended various methods to prevent the demise of innocent ones ("5 Real-Life Cases Where DNA Profiling Changed Everything", 2017). The testing of DNA on the scenario of crime evidences has been considered conclusive in most cases. It is also known as the DNA testing, DNA typing and DNA fingerprinting. This has to be done from the growing tendency to utilize the genetic testing ("5 Real-Life Cases Where DNA Profiling Changed Everything", 2017). This analyzes the generic information of individuals. However, it has nothing to do with the full genome sequencing. Utilitarianism, its rule and act-based forms: The utilitarianism is one of the popular and influential theories on morality. It has been like the other types of consequentialism. The central idea of utilitarianism is that the consequences of actions rely on its effects. The rule utilitarianism is a type of that claims that any action can be considered right if it conforms to any rule leading to greatest benefit. The right or wrong consequences of any specific action is the function of exactitude of the rule. For the rule utilitarian, the rules correctness is indicated by the quantity of good brought by it as followed. The act utilitarianism is another form of utilitarianism. It declares that the act could be morally correct as it creates minimum happiness as compared to other acts performed at that instance. Classical utilitarians have defined happiness as pleasure and absence of sufferings. It has been lying on the basis of the utility principles. It can de described well by the famous phrase of Bentham that states the greatest good for greatest number (Alon Lehrer, 2017). The nature has put human civilization in two all-mighty masters. They are the pain and the pleasure. It has been over the human beings what they are choosing to go for. The rapid development and advancement of the human DNA Profiling technique has created concerns on social control, surveillance and the medical privacy. Specifically, while adopting the technology by the agencies of law enforcements with the development of huge databases of profiles of DNA has created issues. There has been arguments regarding transpired regarding the appropriate opportunities of the databases (Mulgan, 2014). Queries has been arising about keeping the databases restricted to the violent offenders, arrested by police, every citizen or convicted offender in any kind. Concerns have been raised about the categories in the fitting of juveniles. Utilitarian logic has dictated that bigger the size more useful the database becomes. The restrictions on the inclusiveness of the database have been carrying the ability to allow preventable crimes occurring potentially. The rights of the individuals discourse on opposite the side have been dictating few restrictions on databases. However, the unconvicted people have not merited inclusion to the databases. Deontology, its rule and act-based forms: The deontological ethics or simply deontology is the position of normative ethics judging the moral values of any action on the basis of rules. It could be further described as the rule based ethics or obligation or duty since the rule has been binding people on their duties. For a deontologist, the goodness or badness of any situation relies upon the consequences. For the rightness of a person, the moral norm has been there to conform it. The deontological ethics begin with the acknowledgement of the fact that the actions and their results have been independent of each other. As followed by Kant, one of the principles of deontology has been that the human beings possess rationalistic quality differentiating them from the animals. Moreover, the human beings must be ends-in-themselves not the reason for end (Sacco et al., 2016). The making on decisions on the best for more people could turn horrible results for the minorities. The deontologists have been talking against that. This could be prevented by considering moral values of each person equally. The rule based deontology said that the categorical imperative has been the founding stone of the moral obligations. It always acts on the rule that every person has been the end-in-themselves. The other principle behind this has been acting upon the applied university and for every person (Rousseau, 2013). The universality and impartiality of the rule based deontology could be maintained if everybody follows the distinguished imperative. Everyone must be treated well as the similar rule applies to everyone universally. In the act based deontology the analyzing of the circumstances of every person indicate the morally proper approach of action to be taken. Here the overriding duties are to be identified. The seven duties of prima facie suggested are the reparation, self-improvement, beneficence, fidelity, justice, gratitude and non- malfeasance. This weakens the impartiality and universality (Murphy, 2016). Now, a statement arises, that claim that if one has nothing to hole up, there has been nothing to worry. Alternatively, it could be said that if anyone has something to be scared of, then might acquire reasons to withhold. The statement searches for a justification for restricting the usage of the forensic DNA Database in fear. This statement has various deontological concerns. It alludes to the personal rights of privacy and autonomy. The individuals must be deciding about the adding of personal data in the databases. Social Contract: In the context of organizations, the contractarianism has been appealing to the businesses. The valuation of several moral factors has been involved by the decision making morally. The organizations must possess own legitimate aims to peruse. The moral right especially in the case of human rights has been significant in maximum moral deliberations in the businesses. The primary belief of the contractarianism is the state of the nature. According to it, every human being has been self-interested. They could only survive by the social bonding. It motivates the moral behavior. Agreements are contractual on which the moral systems are developed among the individuals. The social contracts have been developed as the early hunters had formed groups (Mansell, 2015). Thus the customs of community were developed. Unwritten agreement took place. Thus the honesty leads to trust. Thus the social contract came into being for culture and community. Its advantages lie in more social cohesion. It pro ves that lying, cheating and stealing has not been ethical. It develops the ethical behavior norms. Ultimately better peace in mind is reached. There has been a rising argument stating that the using of DNA profiling has infringed over the constitutional rights of the people to privacy. However, as claimed by various law officials, the benefits of the database have been giving the society to exceed individuals rights. This dilemma could be easily identified with the social contract. According to the contract, every person must give up some rights for achieving overall security (Skyrms, 2014). The depriving of rights to the privacy of individuals DNA could be considered to be one of those forfeited rights. The individuals must measure the benefits he has been gaining from the past and present or the future profile of the criminals DNA. It has been present in the database and the disadvantage has been having within themselves (Steverson, Rutherford Buller, 2013). However, the disadvantages would be more significant than the advantages as the private organizations develop access to that database. Then, they might use the data for discriminatory means. Character Based: This is another standard to evaluate the moral behavior. Here the acquisition of good traits of character is searched for. It sets the criteria for development of characters for every person. This has been also aligned with cultural and spiritual influences. According to this approach, a virtuous person must perform ethical things intuitively (Peterson Mueller, 2013). It has been agent-oriented lying on moral characters and development of the agent. This ethical system has been flourished in those cultures where emphasis has been placed over the life of community than on individuals responsibilities. In the western nations, emphasis has been placed on the vitality of individuals rights and autonomy (Wright, 2015). The DNA bar-coding is a promising method to identify people through every stages of life. A universal threshold of the values of the genetic distances differentiates taxonomic groups that cannot be identified. Alternatively, the approaches of DNA bar-coding are character based (Crossan et al., 2013). By this method, human beings could be identified by the presence or absence of distinct nucleotide substitutions or character states in the sequence of DNA. ACS code of ethics: The essential property of any profession in Australia has been the requirement of the members to follow the ACS code of ethics. For the Australian Computer Society or ACS, their code has been established as the code of professional conduct. These rules applies to the members of ACS those has been working with DNA database in the sector of ICT or Information and Communications Technology (Leicester, 2016). It has found six central values of ethics with the requirements associated with the professional conducts. The society needs its members to follow the values. They must act with responsibilities. Their performance might include integrity in all professional dealing. The code also has relevance to the legislation of professional standards in protecting DNA databases. As anyone fail to follow the rule, this has been regarded as the professional negligence. The code should be quoted through any expert witness. Then, assessment on the professional conduct is delivered. The inability to follow the code also results in disciplinary action taken by ACS. ACS members are expected to uphold and propagate dignity, effectiveness and honor to be professional. Moreover, it entails to be the good citizen, and act under the law. The members must be conformance to some specific ACS values in protecting DNA databases. The first one is the primacy of the interest of public (Warren et al., 2016). The member should put the public interests above the business, sectional and personal interests. Secondly, quality of life is to be enhanced. Members are expected to intensify the quality of the life of the people affected by their work in improving DNA databases. Then, the members must be honest enough in representing their products, services, techniques and knowledge. Next, they should work with competence and diligence for the stakeholders. Further, they should enhance both their own individuals professional development and the staffs. Finally, the members are supposed to strengthen ACSs integrity and bring respect of every member towards each other in protecting DNA databases (Burmeister, 2013). Recommendations: Some of the recommendations of having national DNA database are: The kinds of the DNA profiles of crime-related stains could be included in the database, which has not been limited. The number of people in a database who has been the donors of the stains should be as bigger as that financially possible. The managers of the databases should develop criteria for involving the partial profiles of DNA. This would help to get an acceptable balance. The profiles of DNA created by the previous commercial skills might be updated. In order to develop the scopes to find relevant match with the partial crime stains, the DNA profiles could be preferentially loaded. The databases custodians must have regular contacts with their DNA profile suppliers for exchanging data regarding the technical and legal developments. Let the DNA profiles created from the lower levels of DNA has been imported in the database. In such cases they must be recognizable with any near matched strategy. Composite profiles of DNA could be developed from the profiles of DNA created from the similar extract of DNA (Galea, 2016). Conclusion: Every company should possess ethical policies spelling out the penalties due to infractions. The management should lead by setting examples. They must show that they have been taking the ethics seriously. The violators are to be punished with possible termination and suspension. DNA profiling is the small collection of variations of DNA. It has been very likely distinguishable in every other unrelated individuals. Thus is unique to every person like the fingerprints The DNA databases have raised critical issues regarding the human rights and their privacy. The safeguards have been required. DNA has been utilized to track the individuals and their relatives. Thus it could be easily misused by any individual or government in infiltration is done into the system. For effectively track any suspect, the records of DNA are to be clinked with other records in the computers. This includes the arrest record that might refuse VISA to anyone or provide job or discriminate against these people. The sample and profiles of DNA has the private information regarding genetic and physical relationships. This includes the paternity and the non-paternity. The effective protection includes the legal limitations on the situations where the DNA and its associated data could be gathered and retained. Lastly it should be reminded that DNA has not been a foolproof. Hence the methods also require to be put to assure the misleading interpretations of the proofs of DNA. This does not lead in the miscarriage of justice. References: 5 Real-Life Cases Where DNA Profiling Changed Everything. (2017). The Forensic Outreach Library. Retrieved 26 April 2017, from https://forensicoutreach.com/library/5-real-life-cases-where-dna-profiling-changed-everything/ Alon, S., Lehrer, E. (2017). Subjective Utilitarianism: Decisions in a social context. Burmeister, O. K. (2013). Achieving the goal of a global computing code of ethics through an international-localisation hybrid.Ethical Space,10(4), 25-32. Chabon, J. J., Simmons, A. D., Lovejoy, A. F., Esfahani, M. S., Newman, A. M., Haringsma, H. J., ... Harding, T. C. (2016). Circulating tumour DNA profiling reveals heterogeneity of EGFR inhibitor resistance mechanisms in lung cancer patients.Nature communications,7. Crossan, M., Mazutis, D., Seijts, G., Gandz, J. (2013). Developing leadership character in business programs.Academy of Management Learning Education,12(2), 285-305. Galea, D. (2016). The legality of DNA databases in the criminal investigation. Leicester, N. (2016). Ethics in the IT Profession: Does a Code of Ethics have an Effect on Professional Behaviour?. Maguire, C. N., McCallum, L. A., Storey, C., Whitaker, J. P. (2014). Familial searching: A specialist forensic DNA profiling service utilising the National DNA Database to identify unknown offenders via their relativesThe UK experience.Forensic Science International: Genetics,8(1), 1-9. Mansell, S. (2015).Book Review: Rejoinder to Veldmans review of Capitalism, Corporations and the Social Contract: A Critique of Stakeholder Theory(Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 271-275). A. Pullen, C. Rhodes (Eds.). Sage UK: London, England: Sage Publications. Mulgan, T. (2014).Understanding utilitarianism. Routledge. Murphy, S. P. (2016). Contemporary Philosophical Faces of Deontology and ConsequentialismJohn Rawls and Peter Singer. InResponsibility in an Interconnected World(pp. 61-87). Springer International Publishing. Peterson, T., Mueller, G. B. (2013). What is evolutionary novelty? Process versus character based definitions.Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution,320(6), 345-350. Rousseau, J. J. (2013). Ethics and deontology in public administration. Ryan, A. (2015). 16. Utilitarianism and Bureaucracy: The Views of JS Mill. Sacco, D. F., Brown, M., Lustgraaf, C. J., Hugenberg, K. (2016). The Adaptive Utility of Deontology: Deontological Moral Decision-Making Fosters Perceptions of Trust and Likeability.Evolutionary Psychological Science, 1-8. Skyrms, B. (2014).Evolution of the social contract. Cambridge University Press. Slade, S., Prinsloo, P. (2013). Learning analytics: Ethical issues and dilemmas.American Behavioral Scientist,57(10), 1510-1529. Steverson, B. K., Rutherford, M. W., Buller, P. F. (2013). New venture legitimacy lies and ethics: an application of social contract theory.J. Eth. Entrep,3, 73-92. Warren, M., Warren, M., Lucas, R., Lucas, R. (2016). Ethics and ICT: Why all the fuss?.Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society,14(2), 167-169. Wigan, M. R., Clarke, R. (2013). Big data's big unintended consequences.Computer,46(6), 46-53. Wright, T. A. (2015). Distinguished scholar invited essay: reflections on the role of character in business education and student leadership development.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies,22(3), 253-264.

The failure of examination in evaluation

Introduction According to Lamond (43), examination systems have been applicable since time immemorial to gauge one’s knowledge on particular topics. The authenticity and process of examining individuals have been applicable in the public domain to determine whether it is the best way to judge a student’s ability and qualifications.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The failure of examination in evaluation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The grades, degrees and scorecards play a pivotal role in the destruction or formation of one’s career as evident in the service industry. In the modern society, most companies insist on communication skills, as a recipe for employing individuals. This is because it is not possible to judge one’s ability through examinations only. As such, this piece explores the supposition that examination is not an appropriate mode of evaluation. Research has proved t hat most students fare on well in written English but fail to express themselves through spoken language. Langbein Claire (74) report that examinations are obligatory tools that recognize ability in students. By measuring one’s ability using standards, results often depict the right move. The results aid judgment and evaluation towards a course. Students’ purposes of undergoing tests are associated with skills, knowledge and eligibility that one is prone to achieve. As such, examining of students is an inappropriate way to make a prejudgment upon a student. Shortcomings of administering examinations Examinations act as a memory test and not an avenue for gaining knowledge useful for inventions and innovations. Examinations test the amount of information one masters and not what one has understood. According to (Wall 54), memorizing facts hinders the understanding capabilities of individuals hence lack of reasoning and deficiency in fresh ideas. According to Wall (54), a person who uses memory as a yardstick for intelligence exudes minimal advantage over an intelligent person who bases thinking on logics and does things according to situations.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Langbein Claire (33) report that examinations have proved to be stressful. Most students have the ability to perform best without undergoing examination pressure. This is because significant proportions of students who have the potential of achieving their goals panic during examinations. In the modern world, passing examinations do not guarantee automatic careers but proves the worthiness and confidence gained. The level of practical understanding, theory and knowledge is not tested. The benchmark for examination in this case is preceding value. According to Farthing (8), examinations have endangered the art of creativity. Most students only depend on information that is enta iled in the syllabus hence limitations in undertaking extra research programs. This also encourages over dependency in few books of study. According to Farthing (8), examinations have resulted to committing of suicide by students because of failing. This is because of pressure to perform. Tension accrued during examinations amounts to depression and anxiety amongst students. Examinations only offer grades as the only feedback especially. This is often the case amidst successful persons. Students who fail to pass the examinations experience to re-writes and remediation. False closure has enabled students to rely on the course content hence no involvement in connections related to advance courses. Examinations do not give the exact picture of the ability in a child. In most cases, grades are normally disappointing and that poor results do not come about because of lack of knowledge in the prospective subject but from personal conditions such as health problems, stress and the state of mind. The ability of a student should be precisely evident and rated by a teacher even before appearance for examinations. Accepted wisdom Farthing (27) asserts that most people believe that examination is necessary for evaluating student knowledge. This provides for independent work and controlled environment helpful in the verification of the status of the student learning.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The failure of examination in evaluation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Examinations play a major role in motivating students to study. Students have a habit of reading books during the examination period only hence exams acts as motivators. Exams have also been perceivable to help in the facilitation of students choices. Options demand that students must attain specific grades as a pre-requisite of pursuing degree options in the universities. Poor grades have a clear indication that a student is not capab le of pursuing an intended career option (Dumas and William 56). Examination ensures that students are aware of their capabilities and progress in studies, which improves grades based on focusing areas of weaknesses. It is an avenue for assessing the academic performance of an individual. Examination indicates the ability of students hence a yardstick of success in education. Conclusion As much as philosophers found knowledge to be enjoyable, examinations have proved to be a grand detest to education. Education is an avenue for instilling and enlightening people. Today examinations have proved to be a tool for discouraging the majority. Changing the systems of education would act as a positive aspect in a student. Analysis of students through examination only boosts competition in universities hence grants and scholarships. The understanding between examiner and examinee is not viable, but the demonstration through aptitude test means achieving grades. Works Cited Dumas, Philip. Wi lliam, Uhland. The Best Test Preparation for the Advanced Placement Examination. Piscataway, NJ: Research Education Association, 2001. Print. Farthing, Jennifer. Kaplan Civil Service Exams. New York, NY: Kaplan, 2006. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lamond, Jay. Significance of Tests and Properties of Concrete and Concrete-Making Materials. West Conshohocken: ASTM, 2006. Print. Langbein, Laura. Claire, Felbinger. Public Program Evaluation: A Statistical Guide. Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe, 2006. Print. Wall, Dianne. The Impact of High-Stakes Examinations on Classroom Teaching: A Case Study Using Insights from Testing and Innovation Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Print. This essay on The failure of examination in evaluation was written and submitted by user Happy Hogan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Soap Operas in the Philippines free essay sample

Soap operas in The Philippines originated when Gulong ng Palad was first heard on the radio in 1949. The genre then expanded into television in the early 1960s. The first Philippine TV soap opera was Hiwaga sa Bahay na Bato in 1963, and was produced by ABS-CBN. Liwanag ng Pag-ibig, Prinsipe Amante, and many others soon followed. [1] The soaps were usually shown during daytime, however in 1996, soap opera programming was moved to primetime due to the popularity gained by the Mexican telenovela, Marimar, which aired in The Philippines on RPN 9. This marked the start of the telenovela craze in The Philippines. Major networks followed the trend by showing local and foreign telenovelas in their respective timeslots. Eventually, Philippine primetime began to focus on serial dramas and anthologies; both becoming highly watched programs. And in 2008, TV5 revived serial dramas for Philippine Primetime television. In 2000, ABS-CBN, made a milestone move in television when it introduced Pangako sa Yo, which has since been known to be the first official teleserye, and Kay Tagal Kang Hinintay. We will write a custom essay sample on Soap Operas in the Philippines or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These teleseryes set the standard for present teleserye productions in The Philippines. This new genre became a big hit in the country, and its popularity was soon spread to other countries. Because of this phenomenon, subsequent soap operas shown on television have regularly come to be referred to as teleseryes while GMA Network officially began referring to their television dramas as teledramas. In 2011, GMA Network, recently make their drama series like, Amaya (first historical drama show in the country), Mistaken Identity (first morning drama under GMA ETV Group) and Ikaw Lang ang Mamahalin (first TV drama had a remake of the classic series in a same network). ABS-CBN did a remake of the longest running teleserye, Mara Clara and Mula Sa Puso. TV5 did also a remake of the long running teleserye, Valiente.

Animal Farm Essay Complete

Animal Farm Essay Complete Animal Farm Essay Complete ‘A knowledge of the Russian Revolution is needed to truly understand Animal Farm.’ To what extent do you agree? George Orwell’s Animal Farm – published in 1945 – is a satirical allegory on the Russian Revolution. Orwell explained in his preface that the novel was his method of, â€Å"exposing the Soviet myth,† which generated a great amount of controversy at the time. He states this piece was intended to clear all misconceptions of the Soviet ideals of ‘everyone being equal’ and exploited all its flaws. The characters play major roles in retelling the Russian Revolution, with the plot’s events strongly resembling the historical timeline. Animal Farm can also be read as a fable, with only the less obscure morals within being conceived. For such reasons, the novel can be read without background knowledge; however a brief understanding of the Russian Revolution is necessary to unveil the deeper allegorical elements Orwell is portraying to the readers. Orwell utilises his characters to recreate the Russian Revolution and imitate the prominent figures and classes of society involved. In the opening, Old Major is introduced as the leader of the farm animals, to symbolise the likes of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin, who were both significant in establishing the foundations of communism. Old Major organises a gathering for the animals to share knowledge of a dream in which he comes to the realisation that â€Å"Man is the only creature that consumes without producing†¦ yet he is lord of all the animals† and they must rebalance the inequalities placed upon them through â€Å"work night and day†¦ for the overthrow of the human race†. This speech was heavily based upon Marx’s The Communist Manifesto and Old Major was used to captured the same essence of it, essentially exposing the flaws of capitalism and a rebellion must occur of a â€Å"dictatorship of the proletariat† to counter this. A hierarchy is created in the animals to symbolise the different ‘classes’ of the time. The animals are categorised in order of significance through a hierarchy as they congregate at Old Major’s meeting. The more influential animals are introduced with more complexity, as â€Å"first came the three dogs, Bluebell, Jessie, and Pincher, and then the pig† and the level of detail gradually decreases through the progression of the characters until it is merely â€Å"last of all came the cat† which does not bother to specify detail, thus drawing more attention toward the aforementioned animal’s influential presence over their peers. The pigs use the dogs to reinforce their reign over the other animals and abuse their power, similar to Stalin’s control of the KGB to do his bidding. Napoleon takes on the responsibility to â€Å"wean† the dogs and â€Å"make himself responsible for their education,† which ultimately leads to their transformatio n into â€Å"huge dogs†¦ as fierce-looking as wolves†; mindless murderers on Napoleons command, and a representation of Stalin’s abuse of power over the KGB to assassinate and execute anybody who opposed his leadership. Each individual character is a representation in itself to convey messages of their purpose in the society and acts as a summary of the complex, more expansive back story of the Russian Revolution. Many of the plot elements follow the events of the Russian Revolution to explore the manipulation that occurred. After Snowball is accused of betrayal, Napoleon then places him in exile, akin to the happenings of the Russian Revolution. Napoleon appears to be against Snowball’s ideas of â€Å"the pigs†¦ should decide all questions of farm policy,† as long as it were â€Å"ratified by a majority vote,† and sends â€Å"nine enormous dogs†¦ into the barn† to attack Snowball who â€Å"sprang†¦ just in time to escape.† This mirrors Trotsky’s exile as he began to criticise Stalin’s Communist Party, in this case depicted through his straying away and leaning toward democracy, which lead to his removal from the Communist party and exile from Russia. The Battle of the Cowshed represents

Freshmen year student retention in STEM major at university using Thesis

Freshmen year student retention in STEM major at university using Quality tools - Thesis Example This method was preferred because it provided a link between the theoretical perspectives and research purpose and the data collected was to give findings to research. The target population was the students and members of staffs of City University of New York, New York. They were to be divided into different categories depending on their level in the college as shown in the table below. The researcher used stratified random sampling which involved taking the population frame and dividing it into different strata. The strata consisted of units of homogeneous nature. Each stratum was marked so as to differentiate it from others and avoid cases of overlap. This data is collected first time whether directly or indirectly in character and shape of raw materials. This was a major instrument in data collection as the questionnaires were to be short and open ended as deemed necessary by the researcher. The questionnaires were to be physically presented or administered to the sample population in the institution. The respondents were required to give a brief explanation on their opinions. Those students and staffs who needed assistance in filling in the questionnaire were to be assisted by the researcher. The research first and foremost sought to get authority from the management of the university for the collection of the data, and with the authority granted, I made an appointment with the college registrar for the analysis of the available records such as students’ records, hostels location, class timetables etc. The research also sought to get data from different sources like publications by private individuals, different journals and periodicals. Data collected through the various methods was to be complied, analyzed and the data presented in terms of percentage. Data presentation should be in tables, pie charts and bar graphs. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. Qualitative method refers to the